Vividhtapoorn Chhattisgarh rajya me vibhinna svarup ke melon ka
lamba silsila hai, inme mukhyat: uttar-purvi kshetra yani
jashpur-raigarh anchal me jatara and ramarekha,
raigarh-sarangarh ka vishnu yagya-harihat, chait-raai aur vyaapaarik
mela, kataghora-koraba anchal ka baar, dakshini kshetra yani bastar ke
jilon mein mandai aur anya hisson me bajaar, maatar aur mela jaise
vibhinn judaav apni bahurangi chhata ke saath raajya ki saanskrutik
sampannata ke jeevaant utsav hain.
Geeta ka uddharan hai- maasaanaan maargasheershoahan ..., krushi sanskruti mein khareef kshetr mein agahan maas mein ghar-ghar dhan-dhaanya ekatr hone lagta hai, isliye ise maahon mein shreshth kaha gaya hai. yeh vyaakhya sateek jaan padti hai aur svaabhaavik hi isi maah se melon ki taiyaariyaan hone lagti hain. melon ki ginti ka aarambh is anchal ki parampara ke anurup Ram arthaat raamanaamiyon ke bade bhajan se kiya ja sakta hai aur fir paush poornima arthaat chherachhera parv par turatariya, sagani ghaat (ahivaara), charauda (dharaseevaan) aur gorraiya (maandhar) ka mela bharta hai. isi tithi par amora (takhatapur), Rampur, ranabor (balaudaabaajaar) ka mela hota hai, yeh samay rautaahi baajaaron ke samaapan aur melo ke kram ke aarambh ka hota hai, jo chait maas tak chalta hai. berala (bemetara) ka vishaal mela bhi paush maah mein (January mein shanivaar ko) bharta hai. uddharan ke agale shabd hain- ...ritoonaan kusumaakar:, vasant ritu tak chalne vaale melon ke mukhya silsile ka samaapan chait-raai se hota hai, saraseenva aur bhatagaanv ke chait navaraatri se vaishaakh maah ke aarambh tak chalne vaale chait-raai mele puraane aur bade mele hain. kudaragadh (saraguja) mein raamanavami par bada mela bharta hai. kunvar achhariya (singhanagadh, saaja) aur khallaari ka mela chait poornima par bharta hai.
saarangadh ancham mein sahajapaali aur porath mein makar sankraanti par mela lagta hai. iske saath-saath kvaanr aur chaitr maas ke shukl paksh ki navaraatriyon par bhi mela bharne ka chalan pichhle saalon mein badha hai, inmein jhalamala (baalod) mein donon navaraatri par bade mele bharate hain aur ratanapur mein is avsar par prajvalit hone vaale jyoti kalashon ki sankhya das hajaar paar kar jaati hai. akalatara ke nikat dalaha pahaad par naagapanchami ka mela hota hai, jismein pahaad ke jaati hai. akalatara ke nikat dalaha pahaad par naagapanchami ka mela hota hai, jismein pahaad ke upar chadhne ki pratha hai. vigat varsho mein kaavadiya shraddhaaluon dvaara saavan somvaar par Shiv mandiron mein jal chadhaane ki pratha bhi teji se badhi hai. paaramparik tithi-parvo se hatkar sarvaadhik ullekhaneeya kataghora ka mela hai, jo prativrsh raashtreeya parv ganatantr diwas par 26 January ko bharta hai. aamtaur par February maah mein padne wala durg ka hajarat Baba abdul Rahman shaah ka urs, raajanaandagaanv ka Sayyed Baba atal shaah ka urs, lutara shareef (seepat), sonapur (anbikaapur) aur hajarat rahamat shaah Baba saarangadh ka urs 17 May ko prativrsh lagta hai evam chandrapur mein navamaabar dismaabar mein Sayyed saahab Baba ka urs prativrsh lagta hai jiska svarup melon ki tarah hota hai. raayagadh anchal mein pichhli sadi ke janajaateeya dhaarmik pramukh pramukh aur samaaj sudhaarak gahira guru ke mele chikhli, soorajagadh, reingaapaali, leindhra, baramakela aadi kai sthaanon par bharate hain, inmein sabse bada maagh sudi 11 ko gram gahira (gharaghoda) mein bharne wala mela hai.
isi prakaar kuduramaal (korba), daamaakheda (Simga) mein maagh poornima par kabeerapanthi vishaal mele aayojit hote hain tatha aise kai anya kabeerapanthi judaav-bhandaara saraguja anchal mein hote rahate hain. daamaakheda, kabeerapanthiyon ki mahatvapoorn gaddi mein se hai, jabki kuduramaal mein kabeeradaas ji ke pramukh shishya dharamadaas ke putr chudaamanadaas evam anya do guruon ki samaadhiyaan hai. mele ke avsar par yahaan anya dhaarmik anushthaanon ke saath kabeer panth mein Dixit bhi kiya jaata hai. vigat varsho mein guru ghaaseedaas ke janm sthaan girodapuri mein faalgun sudi 5 se bharne vaale teen divseeya mele mein upasthiti kai guna badh gayi hai. shivnaath nadi ke beech manoram praakrutik taapoo madakooghaat athva madakoodeep, daravan (baitalapur) mein saamaanyat: February maah mein vigat 97 varshon se bhar raha isaai mela aur maalakharauda ka christmas saptaah ka dhaarmik samaagam ullekhaneeya hai. madakoodeep mein ek anya paaramparik mela paush mein bhi bharta hai.
DURG jila ka gram nagapura praacheen Shiv mandir ke kaaran jaana jaata hai, kintu yahaan se teerthankar paarshvanaath ki praacheen pratima bhi praapt hui hai. pichhle varshon mein yeh sthal shri uvasaggaharan paarshv teerth ke rup mein viksit ho gaya hai. yahaan December maah mein shivnaath utsav, nagapura namaskaar mela ka aayojan kiya ja raha hai, jismein jain dharmaavalanbiyon ki badi sankhya mein upasthiti hoti hai. isi prakaar vaishnav mat ke pushtimaargeeya shaakha ke anuyaayi poore desh aur videshon mein bhi badi taadaad mein champaaran mein aate hain, jo mahaaprabhu vallabhaachaarya ka praakatya sthal maana jaata hai aur yeh avsar hota hai unki jayanti (vaishaakh badi 11) ka.
aamtaur par prati teesare saal aayojit hone vaale baar mein tumaan (kataghora) tatha baseebaar (paali) ka 12 din aur 12 raat lagaataar chalne vaale mele ka apna vishisht svarup hai. chhatteesagadhi ka shabd yugm tihaar-baar iseese bana hai. is aayojan ke liye shabd yugm teej-tihaar ke teej ki tarah hi beti-bahuon aur rishtedaaron ko khaas aagrah sahit aamantrit kiya jaata hai. gaanv ka shaayad hi koi ghar chhootata ho, jahaan is mauke par atithi na hote hon. yaani baar bhi melon ki tarah saamaanyat: paarivaarik, saamaajik, saamudaayik, aarthik aavashyakta-poorti ke maadhyam hain. inmein tumaan baar ki charcha aur prasiddhi bailon ki daud ke kaaran hoti hai. kataghora-koraba kshetr ka baar aage badhkar, saraguja anchal mein baayar naam se aayojit hota hai. baayar mein dadariya ya kavvaali ki tarah yuvak-yuvatiyon mein paraspar aashu-kaavya ke savaal-javaab se lekar gahre shrrungaarik bhaavapoorn samasya poorti ke kaavyaatmak samvaad hote hain. kataghora kshetr ke baar mein geet-nrutya ka aarambh haaya mor daiya re, Ram johaiya tola maya h laage tech se hota hai.
RAIGARH ki charcha melon ke nagar ke rup mein ki ja sakti hai. yahaan rathayaatra, janmaashtami aur gopaashtami dhoomadhaam se manaaya jaata hai aur in avsaron par mele ka maahaul chakradhar samaaroh mein logon ki upasthiti kisi mele se kam naheen hota. Chhattisgarh raajya nirmaan ke baad iska svarup aur chamakadaar ho gaya hai. isi prakaar saarangadh ka rathayaatra aur dashahara ka mela bhi ullekhaneeya hai. bilaasapur mein chaanteedeeh ke paaramparik mele ke saath, apne nae svarup mein raavat naach mahotsav (shanichri) aur lok vidhaaon ke bilaasa mahotsav ka mahatvapoorn aayojan hota hai. Raipur mein kaartik poornima par mahaadev ghaat ka paaramparik mela bharta hai.
Chhattisgarh rajya gathit hone ke pashchaat aarambh hue raajya ke sabse nae bade mele ke rup mein Raipur ke raajyotsav ki ganana hai, vigat do varshon se raajya sthaapana ki varshagaanth par jila mukhyaalayon mein bhi raajyotsav ka aayojan kiya ja raha hai. is kram mein vibhinn utsavon ka jikr upayukt hoga. bhoramadev utsav, kavardha (April), raamagadh utsav, saraguja (aashaadh), lokakala mahotsav, bhaataapaara (May-June), sirpur utsav (February), khallaari utsav, mahaasamund (March-April), taala mahotsav, bilaasapur (February-March), raavat naach mahotsav, bilaasapur (November), jaajvalya mahotsav (January), shivreenaaraayan mahotsav, jaanjageer-chaanpa (maagh-poornima), lok-madi, raajanaandagaanv (May-June) aadi aayojanon ne mele ka svarup le liya hai, inmein se kuchh utsav-mahotsav vastut: paaramparik melon ke avsar par hi saanskrutik kaaryakramon ke rup mein aayojit kiye jaate hain, jinmein shri raajeevalochan mahotsav, raajim (maagh-poornima) sarvaadhik ullekhaneeya hai.
RAJIM mele ki ginti raajya ke vishaalatam melon mein hai. raajya banane ke pashchaat kramash: is mele ne na sirf apna puraana aakaar fir se paaya hai, balki iske svarup aur aakaar mein khaasi badhotri hui hai. maagh-poornima par bharne vaale is mele ka kendra raajim hota hai, kintu iska vistaar panchakroshi kshetr mein pateva (pateshvar), kopara (kopeshvar), fingeshvar kaaran mele ka maahaul shivraatri tak bana rahata hai. vigat varsho mein is mele ka rup laghu Kumbh jaisa ho gaya hai aur ab shri raajeevalochan Kumbh ke naam se aayojit ho raha hai.
mele ke dauraan kalpavaas aur sant samaagam se yahaan prativrsh aagantukon ki sankhya mein vruddhi ho rahi hai. sankhya ki drushti se raajya ke vishaal melon mein se ek jagadalapur ka dashahara mela hai. iske atirikt chapaka, bastar ki pratishtha bade mele ke rup mein hai.
shivreenaaraayan-kharaud ka mela bhi maagh-poornima se aarambh hokar mahaashivraatri tak chalta hai. maanyata hai ki maagh-poornima ke din puri ke jagannaath mandir ka pat band rahata hai aur ve shivreenaaraayan mein viraajate hain. is mele mein door-door se shraddhaalu aur melaarthi pahunchate hain, yeh sankalp athva maanyata ke liye kiye jaane vaale udyam ki pratha hai. prativrsh ab utsav ka aayojan hone se lok vidhaaon ko protsaahan mil raha hai. Chhattisgarh mein shivreenaaraayan ki pratishtha teertharaaj jaisi hai. anchal ke log saamaanya dhaarmik anushthaanon se lekar asthi visrjan tak ka kaarya yahaan sampann hote hain.
is avsar par mandir ke praangan mein abhi bhi sirf gyaarah rupae mein satyanaaraayan Bhagwan ki katha karaai ja sakti hai. yeh mela jaati-panchaayaton ke kaaran bhi mahatvapoorn hai, jahaan raamanaami, nishaad, devaar, naayak aur aghariya-Patel-maraar jaati-samaaj ki saalaana panchaayat hoti hai. vibhinn sampradaayo, akhaadon ke saadhu-sanyaasi aur manauranjan ke liye maut ka kunaa, chaarondhaam, jhoola, sarkas, cinema jaise mela ke sabhi ghatak shivreenaaraayan mele mein dekhe ja sakte hain. pehle godana gudavaane ke liye bhi mele ka intajaar hota tha, ab iski jagah rang-chhaape waali mehandi ne le liya hai. ganne ke ras mein paga laai ka ukhara pratyek melaarthi avashya khareedata hai. mele ki chahal-pahal shivreenaaraayan ke maagh poornima se kharaud ki shivraatri tak fail jaati hai. graameen kshetr mein pin khajoor khareedi ke liye aamtaur par upalabdh na hone aur vishishtata ke kaaran, melon ki khaas cheej hoti thi.
ukhara ki tarah hi melon ki sarvapriya ek khareedi bataashe ki hoti hai. yeh ek prakaar se kathit kramash: upar aur khaalhe raaj ke melon ki pehchaan bhi hai. is sandarbh mein upar aur khaalhe raaj ki pehchaan ka prayaas karna aavashyak prateet hota hai. iske alaava ek anya prachalit bhaugolik naamakaran chaantar raaj hai, jo nirvivaad rup se Chhattisgarh ka madhya maidaani hissa hai, kintu upar aur khaalhe raaj, uchch aur nimn ka bodh karaate hain aur shaayad iseeliye, uchchata ki chaah hone ke kaaran is sambandh mein maanyata ekaadhik hai. aitihaasik drushti se rajdhani hone ke kaaran ratanapur, jo leelaagar nadi ke daahine tat par hai, ko upar raaj aur leelaagar nadi ke baayein tat ka kshetr khaalhe raaj kahalaaya aur kabhi-kabhaar dakshini-Raipur kshetr ko bhi puraane log baatacheen mein khaalhe raaj kaha karte hain. baad mein rajdhani-sanbhaageeya mukhyaalaya Raipur aa jaane ke baad upar raaj ka visheshan, is kshetr ne apne liye nirdhaarit kar liya, jise anya ne bhi maanya kar liya. ek mat yeh bhi hai ki shivnaath ka daahina-dakshin tat, upar raaj aur baayaan-uttari tat khaalhe raaj, jaana jaata hai kintu adhik sambhav aur taarkik jaan padta hai ki shivnaath ke bahaav ki disha mein yaani udgam kshetr upar raaj aur sangam ki or khaalhe raaj ke rup mein maana gaya hai.
chaantar raaj mein paaramparik rup se mele ki sarvaadhik mahatpoorn tithiyaan maagh poornima aur mahaashivraatri (faalgun badi 13) hain aur inheen tithiyon par adhiktar bade mele bharate hain. maagh poornima par bharne vaale anya bade melon mein setaganga, ratanapur, belapaan, lodaam, baanabarad, jhirna, dongariya (paandaataraai), khadsara, sahasapur, chakanaar-narabada (gandi), bangoli aur sirpur pramukh hai. isi prakaar shivraatri par bharne vaale pramukh melon mein semarasal, akharaar, kotasaagar, lorami, nagapura (belatara), malhaar, paali, parasaahi (akalatara), devaraghat, turri, dasharangapur, somanaath, Dave balauda aur kilkila pahaad (jashapur) mela hain. kuchhek shaiv sthalon par anya tithiyon par mela bharta hai, jinmein mohra (raajanaandagaanv) ka mela kaartik poornima ko, bhoramadev ka mela chaitr badi 13 ko tatha lateshvaranaath, kiraari (mastoori) ka mela maagh badi 13 ko bharta hai.
Raamanavami se praarambh hone vaale dabhara (chandarapur) ka mela din ki garami mein thanda pada rahata hai lekin jaise-jese shaam dhalati hai, logon ka aana shuru ho jaati hai aur gaharaati raat ke saath yeh mela apne poore shabaab par aa jaata hai. sampann aghariya krushakon ke kshetr mein bharne vaale is mele ki khaasiyat charchit thi ki yeh mela achhe-khaase kainseeno ko chunauti de sakta tha. yahaan anusoochit jaati ke ek bhakt dvaara nirmit chaturbhuj vishnu ka mandir bhi hai. kaudiya ka shivraatri ka mela pretabaadha se mukti aur jhaad-foonk ke liye jaana jaata hai. kuchh saal pehle tak peethamapur, shivreenaaraayan, malhaar, chetuaa aadi kai melon ki charcha deh-vyaapaar ke liye bhi hoti thi. kaha jaata hai ki is prayojan ke muhaavare paal taanana aur raavati jaana jaise shabd, in mailon se nikle hain. raatrikaaleen melon ka uts agahan mein bharne vaale dungul pahaad (jashapur) ke raamarekha mein dikhta hai. is kshetr ka ek anya mahatvapoorn vyaapaarik aayojan baagabahaar ka February mein bharne wala mela hai. dhamatari anchal ko mela aur madi ka samanvaya kshetr maana ja sakta hai. is kshetr mein kanvar ki madi, rudreshvar mahaadev ka rudri mela aur devapur ka maagh mela bharta hai. ek anya prasiddh mela chanvar ka angaaramoti devi ka mela hai. is mele ka sthal gangarel baandh ke doob mein aane ke baad ab baandh ke paas hi pehle ki tarah deevaali ke baad aane vaale shukravaar ko bharta hai. mela aur madi donon ka prayojan dhaarmik hota hai, kintu mela sthir-sthaayi Dave sthalon mein bharta hai, jabki madi mein nirdhaarit Dave sthaan par aas-paas ke devataaon ka prateek- daang laaya jaata hai arthaat madi ek prakaar ka Dave sammelan bhi hai. maidaani Chhattisgarh mein baiga,-nikhaad aur Yadav samudaaya ki bhoomika madi mein sarvaadhik mahatvapoorn hoti hai. baiga, madi laate aur poojate hain, jabki Yadav nrutya sahit baajaar parikrama, jise bihaav ya paraghaana kaha jaata hai, karte hai. mela, aamtaur par nishchit tithi-parv par bharta hai kintu madi saamaanyat: saptaah ke nirdhaarit din par bharati hai, kyonki yeh saal bhar lagne vaale saaptaahik baajaar ka ek divseeya saalaana rup maana ja sakta hai. aisa sthaan, jahaan saaptaahik baajaar naheen lagta, vahaan graamavaasi aapasi rai kar madi ka din nirdhaarit karte hain. mote taur par mela aur madi mein yahi fark hai.
MANDAI ka silsila shuru hone ke pehle, deepaavali ke pashchaat Yadav samudaaya dvaara maatar ka aayojan kiya jaata hai, jismein maveshi ikattha hone ki jagah- daihaan athva nirdhaarit sthal par baajaar bharta hai. mela-madi ki tithi ko khadkhadiya aur cinema sarkas vaale bhi prabhaavit karte the aur kai baar in aayojanon mein praayojak ke rup mein inki mukhya bhaageedaari hoti thi. doosari taraf mela aayojak, khaaskar cinema (tooring taakeej) sanchaalakon ko mele ke liye aamantrit kiya karte the aur kisi mele mein tooring taakeej ki sankhya ke aadhaar par mele ka aakaar aur usaki mahatta ka anumaan lagaaya jaata tha. mela-madi ke sandarbh mein maveshi baajaar ka ullekh aavashyak hai, kyonki maidaani Chhattisgarh ki prushthabhoomi mein naayak-banjaaron ke saath taalaabon ki parampara, maveshi vyaapaar aur praacheen thalamaarg ki jaankaari milti hai.
BASTAR ke jilon mein madi ki parampara hai, jo December-January maah se aarambh hoti hai. adhiktar madi ek din ki hi hoti hai, lekin sametate hue doosare din ki baasi madi bhi lagbhag svaabhaavik anivaaryata hai. choonki madi, tithi-parv se sanlagn saptaah divson par bharati hai, isliye inka ullekh mote taur par angareji maahon anusaar kiya ja sakta hai. keshakaal ghaati ke oopar, janmaashtami aur pola ke beech, bhaadon badi ke pratham shanivaar (saamaanyat: sitmbar) ko bharne waali bhangaaraam devi ki madi ko bhaadon jaatra bhi kaha jaata hai.
bhaadon jaatra ke is vishaal aayojan mein siliya, kongoor auravari, hadeinga, kopara, vishraamapuri, aalaur, kongeta aur peepara, nau paraganon ke maanjhi kshetron ke lagbhag 450 graamon ke log apne devataaon ko lekar aate hai. bhangaaraam devi pramukh hone ke naate pratyek devi-devataaon ke kaaryo ki sameeksha karti hai aur nirdesh ya dand bhi deti hai. maana jaata hai ki is kshetr mein kai graamon ki Dave shaktiyaan aaj bhi bandi hai. yahaan ke mandir ka sirha, bandi devata ke sirha pujaari se bhaav aane par vaarta kar dand ya mukti tay karta hai. parampara aur aakaar ki drushti se bhangaaraam madi ka sthaan vishisht aur mahatvapoorn hai.
madi ke niyamit silsile ki shuruaat agahan poornima par kesharapaal mein bharne waali madi se dekhi ja sakti hai. isi daur mein saravandi, naraharapur, devi navaagaanv aur lakhanapuri ki madi bharati hai. January maah mein kaanker (pehla ravivaar), chaaraama aur chitrakot mela tatha govindapur, halba, harraadula, patangaanv, selegaanv (guruvaar, kabhi February ke aarambh mein bhi), antaagadh, jaitaloor aur bhadrakaali ki madi hoti hai. February mein devari, sarona, naaraayanapur, devada, durgakondal, kodekurse, haatakarra (ravivaar), sanbalapur (Budhvaar), bhaanuprataapapur (ravivaar), aasulakhaar (somvaar), korar (somvaar) ki madi hoti hai.
BASTAR ki madi maagh-poornima ko hoti hai. bastar ke baad ghotiya, mooli, jaitagiri, gaareinga aur karapaavand ki madi bharati hai. yahi daur mahaashivraatri ke avsar par chapaka ki madi ka hai, jo apne ghatate-badhte aakaar aur lokapriyta ke saath aaj bhi anchal ka atyadhik mahatpoorn aayojan hai. March mein kondaagaanv (holi jalne ke poorv mangalvaar), keshakaal, farasagaanv, vishraamapuri aur madded ka sakalanaaraayan mela hota hai. dantevaada mein danteshvari ka faagun mela 9 din chalta hai. April mein dhanora, bhanapuri, teerathagadh, maavaleepadar, ghotapaal, raamaaraam (sukama) madi hoti hai. is kram ka samaapan ilamidi mein pochamma devi ke May ke aarambh mein bharne vaale mele se hota hai.
MELA-Mandai ke svarup mein samay ke saath parivartan avashya hua hai, kintu dhaarmik prushthabhoomi mein samaaj ki aarthik-saamudaayik aavashyakta ke anurup in satarangi melon ke rang ki chamak ab bhi bani hui hai aur saamaajik chalan ki nabj tatolane ka jaisa suavasar aaj bhi melon mein milta hai, vaisa anyatr kaheen naheen.
Geeta ka uddharan hai- maasaanaan maargasheershoahan ..., krushi sanskruti mein khareef kshetr mein agahan maas mein ghar-ghar dhan-dhaanya ekatr hone lagta hai, isliye ise maahon mein shreshth kaha gaya hai. yeh vyaakhya sateek jaan padti hai aur svaabhaavik hi isi maah se melon ki taiyaariyaan hone lagti hain. melon ki ginti ka aarambh is anchal ki parampara ke anurup Ram arthaat raamanaamiyon ke bade bhajan se kiya ja sakta hai aur fir paush poornima arthaat chherachhera parv par turatariya, sagani ghaat (ahivaara), charauda (dharaseevaan) aur gorraiya (maandhar) ka mela bharta hai. isi tithi par amora (takhatapur), Rampur, ranabor (balaudaabaajaar) ka mela hota hai, yeh samay rautaahi baajaaron ke samaapan aur melo ke kram ke aarambh ka hota hai, jo chait maas tak chalta hai. berala (bemetara) ka vishaal mela bhi paush maah mein (January mein shanivaar ko) bharta hai. uddharan ke agale shabd hain- ...ritoonaan kusumaakar:, vasant ritu tak chalne vaale melon ke mukhya silsile ka samaapan chait-raai se hota hai, saraseenva aur bhatagaanv ke chait navaraatri se vaishaakh maah ke aarambh tak chalne vaale chait-raai mele puraane aur bade mele hain. kudaragadh (saraguja) mein raamanavami par bada mela bharta hai. kunvar achhariya (singhanagadh, saaja) aur khallaari ka mela chait poornima par bharta hai.
ganga dashahara
bhaugolik drushti se uttari kshetr mein Korea anchal ke Patna, baikuthapur, chirmiri aadi kai sthaanon mein ganga dashahara ke avsar par mela bharta hai to puraane rajavaade nagaron mein, visheshakar jagadalapur mein dashahara ka mela pramukh hai, kintu khairaagadh ke alaava khanduaa (simga), odekera aur jaijaipur mein bhi dashahara ke avsar par vishaal mela bharta hai aur bhandaarapuri mein dashahara ke agale din mela bharta hai. saarangadh anchal ke anek sthalon mein vishnu yajnyaon ka aayojan hota hai aur yeh mele ka svarup le leta hai, jinhein harihaat mela bhi kaha jaata hai.saarangadh ancham mein sahajapaali aur porath mein makar sankraanti par mela lagta hai. iske saath-saath kvaanr aur chaitr maas ke shukl paksh ki navaraatriyon par bhi mela bharne ka chalan pichhle saalon mein badha hai, inmein jhalamala (baalod) mein donon navaraatri par bade mele bharate hain aur ratanapur mein is avsar par prajvalit hone vaale jyoti kalashon ki sankhya das hajaar paar kar jaati hai. akalatara ke nikat dalaha pahaad par naagapanchami ka mela hota hai, jismein pahaad ke jaati hai. akalatara ke nikat dalaha pahaad par naagapanchami ka mela hota hai, jismein pahaad ke upar chadhne ki pratha hai. vigat varsho mein kaavadiya shraddhaaluon dvaara saavan somvaar par Shiv mandiron mein jal chadhaane ki pratha bhi teji se badhi hai. paaramparik tithi-parvo se hatkar sarvaadhik ullekhaneeya kataghora ka mela hai, jo prativrsh raashtreeya parv ganatantr diwas par 26 January ko bharta hai. aamtaur par February maah mein padne wala durg ka hajarat Baba abdul Rahman shaah ka urs, raajanaandagaanv ka Sayyed Baba atal shaah ka urs, lutara shareef (seepat), sonapur (anbikaapur) aur hajarat rahamat shaah Baba saarangadh ka urs 17 May ko prativrsh lagta hai evam chandrapur mein navamaabar dismaabar mein Sayyed saahab Baba ka urs prativrsh lagta hai jiska svarup melon ki tarah hota hai. raayagadh anchal mein pichhli sadi ke janajaateeya dhaarmik pramukh pramukh aur samaaj sudhaarak gahira guru ke mele chikhli, soorajagadh, reingaapaali, leindhra, baramakela aadi kai sthaanon par bharate hain, inmein sabse bada maagh sudi 11 ko gram gahira (gharaghoda) mein bharne wala mela hai.
isi prakaar kuduramaal (korba), daamaakheda (Simga) mein maagh poornima par kabeerapanthi vishaal mele aayojit hote hain tatha aise kai anya kabeerapanthi judaav-bhandaara saraguja anchal mein hote rahate hain. daamaakheda, kabeerapanthiyon ki mahatvapoorn gaddi mein se hai, jabki kuduramaal mein kabeeradaas ji ke pramukh shishya dharamadaas ke putr chudaamanadaas evam anya do guruon ki samaadhiyaan hai. mele ke avsar par yahaan anya dhaarmik anushthaanon ke saath kabeer panth mein Dixit bhi kiya jaata hai. vigat varsho mein guru ghaaseedaas ke janm sthaan girodapuri mein faalgun sudi 5 se bharne vaale teen divseeya mele mein upasthiti kai guna badh gayi hai. shivnaath nadi ke beech manoram praakrutik taapoo madakooghaat athva madakoodeep, daravan (baitalapur) mein saamaanyat: February maah mein vigat 97 varshon se bhar raha isaai mela aur maalakharauda ka christmas saptaah ka dhaarmik samaagam ullekhaneeya hai. madakoodeep mein ek anya paaramparik mela paush mein bhi bharta hai.
DURG jila ka gram nagapura praacheen Shiv mandir ke kaaran jaana jaata hai, kintu yahaan se teerthankar paarshvanaath ki praacheen pratima bhi praapt hui hai. pichhle varshon mein yeh sthal shri uvasaggaharan paarshv teerth ke rup mein viksit ho gaya hai. yahaan December maah mein shivnaath utsav, nagapura namaskaar mela ka aayojan kiya ja raha hai, jismein jain dharmaavalanbiyon ki badi sankhya mein upasthiti hoti hai. isi prakaar vaishnav mat ke pushtimaargeeya shaakha ke anuyaayi poore desh aur videshon mein bhi badi taadaad mein champaaran mein aate hain, jo mahaaprabhu vallabhaachaarya ka praakatya sthal maana jaata hai aur yeh avsar hota hai unki jayanti (vaishaakh badi 11) ka.
aamtaur par prati teesare saal aayojit hone vaale baar mein tumaan (kataghora) tatha baseebaar (paali) ka 12 din aur 12 raat lagaataar chalne vaale mele ka apna vishisht svarup hai. chhatteesagadhi ka shabd yugm tihaar-baar iseese bana hai. is aayojan ke liye shabd yugm teej-tihaar ke teej ki tarah hi beti-bahuon aur rishtedaaron ko khaas aagrah sahit aamantrit kiya jaata hai. gaanv ka shaayad hi koi ghar chhootata ho, jahaan is mauke par atithi na hote hon. yaani baar bhi melon ki tarah saamaanyat: paarivaarik, saamaajik, saamudaayik, aarthik aavashyakta-poorti ke maadhyam hain. inmein tumaan baar ki charcha aur prasiddhi bailon ki daud ke kaaran hoti hai. kataghora-koraba kshetr ka baar aage badhkar, saraguja anchal mein baayar naam se aayojit hota hai. baayar mein dadariya ya kavvaali ki tarah yuvak-yuvatiyon mein paraspar aashu-kaavya ke savaal-javaab se lekar gahre shrrungaarik bhaavapoorn samasya poorti ke kaavyaatmak samvaad hote hain. kataghora kshetr ke baar mein geet-nrutya ka aarambh haaya mor daiya re, Ram johaiya tola maya h laage tech se hota hai.
RAIGARH ki charcha melon ke nagar ke rup mein ki ja sakti hai. yahaan rathayaatra, janmaashtami aur gopaashtami dhoomadhaam se manaaya jaata hai aur in avsaron par mele ka maahaul chakradhar samaaroh mein logon ki upasthiti kisi mele se kam naheen hota. Chhattisgarh raajya nirmaan ke baad iska svarup aur chamakadaar ho gaya hai. isi prakaar saarangadh ka rathayaatra aur dashahara ka mela bhi ullekhaneeya hai. bilaasapur mein chaanteedeeh ke paaramparik mele ke saath, apne nae svarup mein raavat naach mahotsav (shanichri) aur lok vidhaaon ke bilaasa mahotsav ka mahatvapoorn aayojan hota hai. Raipur mein kaartik poornima par mahaadev ghaat ka paaramparik mela bharta hai.
Chhattisgarh rajya gathit hone ke pashchaat aarambh hue raajya ke sabse nae bade mele ke rup mein Raipur ke raajyotsav ki ganana hai, vigat do varshon se raajya sthaapana ki varshagaanth par jila mukhyaalayon mein bhi raajyotsav ka aayojan kiya ja raha hai. is kram mein vibhinn utsavon ka jikr upayukt hoga. bhoramadev utsav, kavardha (April), raamagadh utsav, saraguja (aashaadh), lokakala mahotsav, bhaataapaara (May-June), sirpur utsav (February), khallaari utsav, mahaasamund (March-April), taala mahotsav, bilaasapur (February-March), raavat naach mahotsav, bilaasapur (November), jaajvalya mahotsav (January), shivreenaaraayan mahotsav, jaanjageer-chaanpa (maagh-poornima), lok-madi, raajanaandagaanv (May-June) aadi aayojanon ne mele ka svarup le liya hai, inmein se kuchh utsav-mahotsav vastut: paaramparik melon ke avsar par hi saanskrutik kaaryakramon ke rup mein aayojit kiye jaate hain, jinmein shri raajeevalochan mahotsav, raajim (maagh-poornima) sarvaadhik ullekhaneeya hai.
RAJIM mele ki ginti raajya ke vishaalatam melon mein hai. raajya banane ke pashchaat kramash: is mele ne na sirf apna puraana aakaar fir se paaya hai, balki iske svarup aur aakaar mein khaasi badhotri hui hai. maagh-poornima par bharne vaale is mele ka kendra raajim hota hai, kintu iska vistaar panchakroshi kshetr mein pateva (pateshvar), kopara (kopeshvar), fingeshvar kaaran mele ka maahaul shivraatri tak bana rahata hai. vigat varsho mein is mele ka rup laghu Kumbh jaisa ho gaya hai aur ab shri raajeevalochan Kumbh ke naam se aayojit ho raha hai.
mele ke dauraan kalpavaas aur sant samaagam se yahaan prativrsh aagantukon ki sankhya mein vruddhi ho rahi hai. sankhya ki drushti se raajya ke vishaal melon mein se ek jagadalapur ka dashahara mela hai. iske atirikt chapaka, bastar ki pratishtha bade mele ke rup mein hai.
shivreenaaraayan-kharaud ka mela bhi maagh-poornima se aarambh hokar mahaashivraatri tak chalta hai. maanyata hai ki maagh-poornima ke din puri ke jagannaath mandir ka pat band rahata hai aur ve shivreenaaraayan mein viraajate hain. is mele mein door-door se shraddhaalu aur melaarthi pahunchate hain, yeh sankalp athva maanyata ke liye kiye jaane vaale udyam ki pratha hai. prativrsh ab utsav ka aayojan hone se lok vidhaaon ko protsaahan mil raha hai. Chhattisgarh mein shivreenaaraayan ki pratishtha teertharaaj jaisi hai. anchal ke log saamaanya dhaarmik anushthaanon se lekar asthi visrjan tak ka kaarya yahaan sampann hote hain.
is avsar par mandir ke praangan mein abhi bhi sirf gyaarah rupae mein satyanaaraayan Bhagwan ki katha karaai ja sakti hai. yeh mela jaati-panchaayaton ke kaaran bhi mahatvapoorn hai, jahaan raamanaami, nishaad, devaar, naayak aur aghariya-Patel-maraar jaati-samaaj ki saalaana panchaayat hoti hai. vibhinn sampradaayo, akhaadon ke saadhu-sanyaasi aur manauranjan ke liye maut ka kunaa, chaarondhaam, jhoola, sarkas, cinema jaise mela ke sabhi ghatak shivreenaaraayan mele mein dekhe ja sakte hain. pehle godana gudavaane ke liye bhi mele ka intajaar hota tha, ab iski jagah rang-chhaape waali mehandi ne le liya hai. ganne ke ras mein paga laai ka ukhara pratyek melaarthi avashya khareedata hai. mele ki chahal-pahal shivreenaaraayan ke maagh poornima se kharaud ki shivraatri tak fail jaati hai. graameen kshetr mein pin khajoor khareedi ke liye aamtaur par upalabdh na hone aur vishishtata ke kaaran, melon ki khaas cheej hoti thi.
ukhara ki tarah hi melon ki sarvapriya ek khareedi bataashe ki hoti hai. yeh ek prakaar se kathit kramash: upar aur khaalhe raaj ke melon ki pehchaan bhi hai. is sandarbh mein upar aur khaalhe raaj ki pehchaan ka prayaas karna aavashyak prateet hota hai. iske alaava ek anya prachalit bhaugolik naamakaran chaantar raaj hai, jo nirvivaad rup se Chhattisgarh ka madhya maidaani hissa hai, kintu upar aur khaalhe raaj, uchch aur nimn ka bodh karaate hain aur shaayad iseeliye, uchchata ki chaah hone ke kaaran is sambandh mein maanyata ekaadhik hai. aitihaasik drushti se rajdhani hone ke kaaran ratanapur, jo leelaagar nadi ke daahine tat par hai, ko upar raaj aur leelaagar nadi ke baayein tat ka kshetr khaalhe raaj kahalaaya aur kabhi-kabhaar dakshini-Raipur kshetr ko bhi puraane log baatacheen mein khaalhe raaj kaha karte hain. baad mein rajdhani-sanbhaageeya mukhyaalaya Raipur aa jaane ke baad upar raaj ka visheshan, is kshetr ne apne liye nirdhaarit kar liya, jise anya ne bhi maanya kar liya. ek mat yeh bhi hai ki shivnaath ka daahina-dakshin tat, upar raaj aur baayaan-uttari tat khaalhe raaj, jaana jaata hai kintu adhik sambhav aur taarkik jaan padta hai ki shivnaath ke bahaav ki disha mein yaani udgam kshetr upar raaj aur sangam ki or khaalhe raaj ke rup mein maana gaya hai.
Chhattisgarh ka kaashi kahe jaane vaale kharaud ke lakshmaneshvar mahadev mandir mein darshan aur laakha chaanur chadhaane ki parampara hai, jismein haath se dara, pachheena aur nimaara gin kar saabut ek lakh chaanval mandir mein chadhaae jaane ki pratha hai. isi kram mein leelaagar ke nandiyaakhand mein basant panchami par kuteeghaat ka prasiddh mela bharta hai. is mele mein teej ki tarah betiyon ko aamantrit karne ka vishesh prayojan hota hai, kyonki is mele ki prasiddhi vaivaahik rishton ke liye parichay sammelan jaisa hone ke kaaran bhi hai. bataaya jaata hai ki vikrami sanvat ki ikkeesaveen shataabdi aarambh hone ke upalakshya mein ratanapur mein aayojit shri vishnu mahaayajnya ke pashchaat kuteeghaat mein bhi vishaal yagya aayojit hua jo mele ka svarup praapt kar prativrsh bharta aa raha hai.laakha chaanur ki pratha hasadev nadi ke kinaare kaleshvaranaath mahaadev mandir, peethamapur mein bhi hai, jahaan holi-dhool panchami par mela bharta hai. is mele ki vishishtata naaga saadhuon dvaara nikaali jaane waali shivji ki baaraat hai. maanyata hai ki yahaan mahaadevaji ke darshan se pet ke rog door hote hai. is sambandh mein pet ke rog se peedit ek taulik dvaara svapnaadesh ke aadhaar par shivling sthaapana ki katha aur sarvavidit hai. vartamaan mandir ka nirmaan khariyaar ke jameendaar dvaara karaaya gaya hai, jabki mandir ka pujaari parampara se saahoo jaati ka hota hai. is mele ka svarup praakrutik aapadaaon va anya durghatanaaon ke baavajood bhi lagbhag aprabhaavit hai. koraba anchal ke praacheen sthal gram kanaki ke jaanta mahaadev mandir ka pujaari parampara se Yadav jaati ka hota hai. is sthaan par bhi shivraatri ke avsar par vishaal mela bharta hai.
chaantar raaj mein paaramparik rup se mele ki sarvaadhik mahatpoorn tithiyaan maagh poornima aur mahaashivraatri (faalgun badi 13) hain aur inheen tithiyon par adhiktar bade mele bharate hain. maagh poornima par bharne vaale anya bade melon mein setaganga, ratanapur, belapaan, lodaam, baanabarad, jhirna, dongariya (paandaataraai), khadsara, sahasapur, chakanaar-narabada (gandi), bangoli aur sirpur pramukh hai. isi prakaar shivraatri par bharne vaale pramukh melon mein semarasal, akharaar, kotasaagar, lorami, nagapura (belatara), malhaar, paali, parasaahi (akalatara), devaraghat, turri, dasharangapur, somanaath, Dave balauda aur kilkila pahaad (jashapur) mela hain. kuchhek shaiv sthalon par anya tithiyon par mela bharta hai, jinmein mohra (raajanaandagaanv) ka mela kaartik poornima ko, bhoramadev ka mela chaitr badi 13 ko tatha lateshvaranaath, kiraari (mastoori) ka mela maagh badi 13 ko bharta hai.
Raamanavami se praarambh hone vaale dabhara (chandarapur) ka mela din ki garami mein thanda pada rahata hai lekin jaise-jese shaam dhalati hai, logon ka aana shuru ho jaati hai aur gaharaati raat ke saath yeh mela apne poore shabaab par aa jaata hai. sampann aghariya krushakon ke kshetr mein bharne vaale is mele ki khaasiyat charchit thi ki yeh mela achhe-khaase kainseeno ko chunauti de sakta tha. yahaan anusoochit jaati ke ek bhakt dvaara nirmit chaturbhuj vishnu ka mandir bhi hai. kaudiya ka shivraatri ka mela pretabaadha se mukti aur jhaad-foonk ke liye jaana jaata hai. kuchh saal pehle tak peethamapur, shivreenaaraayan, malhaar, chetuaa aadi kai melon ki charcha deh-vyaapaar ke liye bhi hoti thi. kaha jaata hai ki is prayojan ke muhaavare paal taanana aur raavati jaana jaise shabd, in mailon se nikle hain. raatrikaaleen melon ka uts agahan mein bharne vaale dungul pahaad (jashapur) ke raamarekha mein dikhta hai. is kshetr ka ek anya mahatvapoorn vyaapaarik aayojan baagabahaar ka February mein bharne wala mela hai. dhamatari anchal ko mela aur madi ka samanvaya kshetr maana ja sakta hai. is kshetr mein kanvar ki madi, rudreshvar mahaadev ka rudri mela aur devapur ka maagh mela bharta hai. ek anya prasiddh mela chanvar ka angaaramoti devi ka mela hai. is mele ka sthal gangarel baandh ke doob mein aane ke baad ab baandh ke paas hi pehle ki tarah deevaali ke baad aane vaale shukravaar ko bharta hai. mela aur madi donon ka prayojan dhaarmik hota hai, kintu mela sthir-sthaayi Dave sthalon mein bharta hai, jabki madi mein nirdhaarit Dave sthaan par aas-paas ke devataaon ka prateek- daang laaya jaata hai arthaat madi ek prakaar ka Dave sammelan bhi hai. maidaani Chhattisgarh mein baiga,-nikhaad aur Yadav samudaaya ki bhoomika madi mein sarvaadhik mahatvapoorn hoti hai. baiga, madi laate aur poojate hain, jabki Yadav nrutya sahit baajaar parikrama, jise bihaav ya paraghaana kaha jaata hai, karte hai. mela, aamtaur par nishchit tithi-parv par bharta hai kintu madi saamaanyat: saptaah ke nirdhaarit din par bharati hai, kyonki yeh saal bhar lagne vaale saaptaahik baajaar ka ek divseeya saalaana rup maana ja sakta hai. aisa sthaan, jahaan saaptaahik baajaar naheen lagta, vahaan graamavaasi aapasi rai kar madi ka din nirdhaarit karte hain. mote taur par mela aur madi mein yahi fark hai.
MANDAI ka silsila shuru hone ke pehle, deepaavali ke pashchaat Yadav samudaaya dvaara maatar ka aayojan kiya jaata hai, jismein maveshi ikattha hone ki jagah- daihaan athva nirdhaarit sthal par baajaar bharta hai. mela-madi ki tithi ko khadkhadiya aur cinema sarkas vaale bhi prabhaavit karte the aur kai baar in aayojanon mein praayojak ke rup mein inki mukhya bhaageedaari hoti thi. doosari taraf mela aayojak, khaaskar cinema (tooring taakeej) sanchaalakon ko mele ke liye aamantrit kiya karte the aur kisi mele mein tooring taakeej ki sankhya ke aadhaar par mele ka aakaar aur usaki mahatta ka anumaan lagaaya jaata tha. mela-madi ke sandarbh mein maveshi baajaar ka ullekh aavashyak hai, kyonki maidaani Chhattisgarh ki prushthabhoomi mein naayak-banjaaron ke saath taalaabon ki parampara, maveshi vyaapaar aur praacheen thalamaarg ki jaankaari milti hai.
BASTAR ke jilon mein madi ki parampara hai, jo December-January maah se aarambh hoti hai. adhiktar madi ek din ki hi hoti hai, lekin sametate hue doosare din ki baasi madi bhi lagbhag svaabhaavik anivaaryata hai. choonki madi, tithi-parv se sanlagn saptaah divson par bharati hai, isliye inka ullekh mote taur par angareji maahon anusaar kiya ja sakta hai. keshakaal ghaati ke oopar, janmaashtami aur pola ke beech, bhaadon badi ke pratham shanivaar (saamaanyat: sitmbar) ko bharne waali bhangaaraam devi ki madi ko bhaadon jaatra bhi kaha jaata hai.
bhaadon jaatra ke is vishaal aayojan mein siliya, kongoor auravari, hadeinga, kopara, vishraamapuri, aalaur, kongeta aur peepara, nau paraganon ke maanjhi kshetron ke lagbhag 450 graamon ke log apne devataaon ko lekar aate hai. bhangaaraam devi pramukh hone ke naate pratyek devi-devataaon ke kaaryo ki sameeksha karti hai aur nirdesh ya dand bhi deti hai. maana jaata hai ki is kshetr mein kai graamon ki Dave shaktiyaan aaj bhi bandi hai. yahaan ke mandir ka sirha, bandi devata ke sirha pujaari se bhaav aane par vaarta kar dand ya mukti tay karta hai. parampara aur aakaar ki drushti se bhangaaraam madi ka sthaan vishisht aur mahatvapoorn hai.
madi ke niyamit silsile ki shuruaat agahan poornima par kesharapaal mein bharne waali madi se dekhi ja sakti hai. isi daur mein saravandi, naraharapur, devi navaagaanv aur lakhanapuri ki madi bharati hai. January maah mein kaanker (pehla ravivaar), chaaraama aur chitrakot mela tatha govindapur, halba, harraadula, patangaanv, selegaanv (guruvaar, kabhi February ke aarambh mein bhi), antaagadh, jaitaloor aur bhadrakaali ki madi hoti hai. February mein devari, sarona, naaraayanapur, devada, durgakondal, kodekurse, haatakarra (ravivaar), sanbalapur (Budhvaar), bhaanuprataapapur (ravivaar), aasulakhaar (somvaar), korar (somvaar) ki madi hoti hai.
BASTAR ki madi maagh-poornima ko hoti hai. bastar ke baad ghotiya, mooli, jaitagiri, gaareinga aur karapaavand ki madi bharati hai. yahi daur mahaashivraatri ke avsar par chapaka ki madi ka hai, jo apne ghatate-badhte aakaar aur lokapriyta ke saath aaj bhi anchal ka atyadhik mahatpoorn aayojan hai. March mein kondaagaanv (holi jalne ke poorv mangalvaar), keshakaal, farasagaanv, vishraamapuri aur madded ka sakalanaaraayan mela hota hai. dantevaada mein danteshvari ka faagun mela 9 din chalta hai. April mein dhanora, bhanapuri, teerathagadh, maavaleepadar, ghotapaal, raamaaraam (sukama) madi hoti hai. is kram ka samaapan ilamidi mein pochamma devi ke May ke aarambh mein bharne vaale mele se hota hai.
MELA-Mandai ke svarup mein samay ke saath parivartan avashya hua hai, kintu dhaarmik prushthabhoomi mein samaaj ki aarthik-saamudaayik aavashyakta ke anurup in satarangi melon ke rang ki chamak ab bhi bani hui hai aur saamaajik chalan ki nabj tatolane ka jaisa suavasar aaj bhi melon mein milta hai, vaisa anyatr kaheen naheen.
